Efectos de los anestésicos en la progresión tumoral
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The effects of anesthetics on tumor progression.
Mao L, Lin S, Lin J.
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2013;5(1):1-10. Epub 2013 Mar 8.
Abstract
More and more cancer patients receive surgery and chronic pain control. Cell-mediated immunosuppression from surgical stress renders perioperative period a vulnerable period for tumor metastasis. Retrospective studies suggest that regional anesthesia reduces the risk of tumor metastasis and recurrence. This benefit may be due to the attenuation of immunosuppression by regional anesthesia. On the other hand, accumulating evidence points to a direct role of anesthetics in tumor progression. A variety of malignancies exhibit increased activity of voltage-gated sodium channels. Blockade of these channels by local anesthetics may help inhibit tumor progression. Opioids promote angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. It will be interesting to examine the therapeutic potential of peripheral opioid antagonists against malignancy. Volatile anesthetics are organ-protective against hypoxia, however; this very protective mechanism may lead to tumor growth and poor prognosis. In this review, we examine the direct effects of anesthetics in tumor progression in hope that a thorough understanding will help to select the optimal anesthetic regimens for better outcomes in cancer patients.
KEYWORDS:Metastasis, local anesthetics, opioids, recurrence, regional anesthesia, volatile anesthetics, voltage-gated sodium channels
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| Recurrencia del cáncer después de cirugía: efectos directos e indirectos de los anestésicos |
Cancer recurrence after surgery: direct and indirect effects of anesthetic agents.
Tavare AN, Perry NJ, Benzonana LL, Takata M, Ma D.
Int J Cancer. 2012 Mar 15;130(6):1237-50. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26448. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
Abstract
Surgery is of paramount importance in the management of solid tumors as definitive resection can be totally curative. Nonetheless, metastatic recurrence after surgery remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Interest in the impact of the perioperative period on cancer recurrence is now growing rapidly, with recent research suggesting that some anesthetics or anesthetic techniques may influence the pathophysiology of postoperative metastatic spread. Our review examines the most widely postulated mechanisms for this, including the impact of anesthesia on neuroendocrine and immune function. We also consider evidence for a direct impact on tumor cell signaling pathways based on findings from organ protection research. These studies have demonstrated that certain volatile anaesthetics confer cytoprotective properties to exposed cells and lead to significant upregulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α). This ubiquitous transcription factor exerts many effects in cancer: its activity has been linked with more aggressive phenotypes and poorer clinical prognosis. It is proposed that such an upregulation of HIFs in tumor cells by these anesthetics may contribute to a tumor's recurrence by stimulating cytoprotective or protumorigenic behavior in residual cells. Conversely, other anesthetic agents appear to downregulate HIFs or cause negligible effect and thus may prove more suitable for use in cancer surgery. As anesthetic drugs are given at a point of potentially high vulnerability in terms of dissemination and establishment of metastases, there is an urgent need to determine the most appropriate anesthetic strategy for surgical oncology so that the optimal techniques are used to maximize long-term survival.
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| Artículo de revisión: papel del periodo perioperatorio en la recurrencia después de cirugía oncológica |
Review article: the role of the perioperative period in recurrence after cancer surgery.
Gottschalk A, Sharma S, Ford J, Durieux ME, Tiouririne M.
Anesth Analg. 2010 Jun 1;110(6):1636-43. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181de0ab6. Epub 2010 Apr 30.
Abstract
A wealth of basic science data supports the hypothesis that the surgical stress response increases the likelihood of cancer dissemination and metastasis during and after cancer surgery. Anesthetic management of the cancer patient, therefore, could potentially influence long-term outcome. Preclinical data suggest that beneficial approaches might include selection of induction drugs such as propofol, minimizing the use of volatile anesthetics, and coadministration of cyclooxygenase antagonists with systemic opioids. Retrospective clinical trials suggest that the addition of regional anesthesia might decrease recurrence after cancer surgery. Other factors such as blood transfusion, temperature regulation, and statin administration may also affect long-term outcome.
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